Spain

Source: Agencia Tributaria — Spanish Tax Authority

Tax residency trigger: Present in Spain more than 183 days in a calendar year, or if your main centre of economic interests or vital interests is in Spain. Tax residents pay Spanish income tax on worldwide income.

PIT rates: Progressive from 19% to 47% on taxable income (national rates — regional surcharges add 0.5–3.5% depending on region). Significant deductions apply. Spain's tax year is the calendar year.

The Régimen de Impatriados (popularly known as the Beckham Law after the footballer who famously used it) allows qualifying individuals to elect to be taxed at a flat 24% rate on Spanish-source income up to €600,000 for the first 6 years of Spanish tax residency, rather than progressive rates up to 47%.

Who qualifies: Individuals who become Spanish tax resident through a Spanish employment contract or through the Digital Nomad Visa (since 2023). The individual must not have been resident in Spain in the 5 years prior to application. The option must be applied for within 6 months of taking up residence.

Important: Specialist tax advice is essential before relying on this regime. The conditions are specific and the application process has deadlines that, if missed, cannot be reinstated.

Spain has a federal wealth tax on net assets above €700,000 (with an additional €300,000 allowance for main residence). Progressive rates apply from 0.2% to 3.5%. However, the actual liability depends significantly on which region you are in. Madrid has fully bonified (eliminated) the wealth tax for its residents. Catalonia and the Balearics have not. An additional "solidarity tax" (Impuesto de Solidaridad de las Grandes Fortunas) applies to net assets above €3 million at the national level, limiting the effectiveness of regional bonifications above that threshold.